The political landscape in Pakistan witnessed significant shifts, with various regimes adopting different approaches toward Kashmir. Benazir Bhutto’s era saw a reversal of gains in Afghanistan and Kashmir, while Nawaz Sharif pursued diplomatic initiatives with various Indian leaders. The post-9/11 era brought new challenges, as Pakistan faced allegations of supporting terrorism.
The Indo-Pak peace treaty of 2004 failed to materialize, and General Pervez Musharraf’s out-of-the-box solution proposal faced skepticism. The Mumbai attacks in 2008 strained diplomatic relations, shifting the narrative toward terrorism rather than the Kashmir issue.
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