World Affairs
The Makkah Defence Pact is no longer a photo-op: Pakistan, Türkiye and Saudi Arabia have created a secretariat and moved toward real military integration.
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The Makkah Defence Pact is no longer a photo-op: Pakistan, Türkiye and Saudi Arabia have created a secretariat and moved toward real military integration.
Israel’s Abu al-Duhur strike tests Türkiye’s resolve, Syria’s sovereignty and whether the Pakistan-Saudi-Turkish Makkah defence pact can deter escalation.
The Makkah defence pact gives Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Türkiye collective deterrence—but Trump’s approval raises harder questions about Israel and America.
Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Türkiye’s Makkah defence pact creates collective deterrence—but its Article 51 limits and obligations demand scrutiny.