The Real Currency of Power: Not Oil, But Minerals
Oil explains the 20th century.
Copper, lithium, rare earths, and gold explain the 21st.
This is where Peru quietly enters the picture.
Peru’s Copper—and Why China Is There
Peru is the world’s second-largest copper producer, sitting atop Andean porphyry systems that often host gold as a byproduct. Two mines matter more than most people realize:
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Las Bambas – Operated by MMG (China Minmetals), producing ~11–15% of Peru’s copper and tens of thousands of ounces of gold annually.
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Toromocho – Fully owned by Chinalco, China’s first major overseas greenfield copper mine.
Together, Chinese-controlled operations account for nearly 20% of Peru’s copper output.
Copper is not just wiring. It is EVs, grids, wind turbines, missiles, data centers.
Gold is not jewelry. It is financial ballast in a de-dollarizing world.
Where copper exists, gold often follows—especially in Andean porphyries.
China understands this. It planned for it two decades ago.
