[Cambridge’s account of the Egyptian contest] → https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/leper-king-and-his-heirs/international-status-of-the-kingdom/464309860E56B10C1E91889219997D14
[Daniella Talmon-Heller’s study of the Ayyubid religious transition] → https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/sacred-place-and-sacred-time-in-the-medieval-islamic-middle-east/rajab-under-the-ayyubids-and-mamluks/EA1A5121DB1EE5FF8F53437E43CA7577
[research on literary allegiances in Ayyubid Egypt] → https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/279C64487AA4950A4ADA5D666F6248EB/S0041977X2300023Xa.pdf/reading_across_confessional_lines_in_ayyubid_egypt_a_judaeoarabic_geniza_fragment_with_three_new_poems_by_ibn_alkizani_d_5621166.pdf
[World History Encyclopedia’s biography] → https://www.worldhistory.org/Saladin/
[The historical campaign overview] → https://www.history.com/articles/saladin
[The account of Sinan in Encyclopedia.com] → https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/sinan-rashid-al-din
[The battle overview] → https://www.worldhistory.org/Battle_of_Hattin/
[the medieval Latin narrative] → https://sourcebooks.web.fordham.edu/source/1187hattin.asp
[Hadia Dajani-Shakeel’s comparison of medieval narratives] → https://sourcebooks.web.fordham.edu/med/salahdin.asp
[The account of the conquest and its ransom arrangements] → https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1553/saladins-conquest-of-jerusalem-1187-ce/
[the history of Jewish settlement under Salahuddin] → https://jewishcurrents.org/october-2-saladin-conquers-jerusalem
[The Third Crusade overview] → https://www.worldhistory.org/Third_Crusade/
[the Makkah pact and competing expectations of Muslim solidarity] → https://zorayskhalid.com/makkah-pact/
[Pakistan’s diplomacy around Hormuz] → https://zorayskhalid.com/hormuz/
[Cairo’s official account of the citadel] → https://cairo.gov.eg/en/culture/cairo-history/ancient-landmarks/salah-el-din-citadel/
[Egypt’s State Information Service] → https://sis.gov.eg/en/egypt/tourism/landmarks/salah-el-din-citadel/
[Maimonides’ biographical introduction] → https://ccel.org/ccel/maimonides/guide/guide.iv.i.html
[The discussion of his death in Stanley Lane-Poole’s biography] → https://erenow.org/biographies/saladin-hero-of-islam/16.php
[Cambridge’s discussion of the broader dynastic transformation] → https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/approaching-african-history/ibn-battuta-ibn-khaldun/C2665E492CA9AAA90440C0DC4DC53314
[The Sixth Crusade history] → https://www.worldhistory.org/Sixth_Crusade/
[the longer Jerusalem timeline] → https://www.history.com/articles/history-of-jerusalem
[The National University of Singapore’s account of Jerusalem since 1917] → https://mei.nus.edu.sg/publication/insights-the-contested-city/
[The ICJ opinion reproduced by the United Nations] → https://www.un.org/unispal/document/advisory-opinion-icj-19jul24/
[the Court’s press release] → https://www.un.org/unispal/document/icj-pressrelease-19jul24/
[Sahih al-Bukhari 3176] → https://sunnah.com/bukhari:3176
[The investigation by James Barr hosted on Syria Comment] → https://joshualandis.com/blog/general-gouraud-saladin-back-really-say/
[The Life and Legend of the Sultan Saladin] → https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300247060/the-life-and-legend-of-the-sultan-saladin/
[Islamic Scientific Heritage anniversary post] → https://x.com/IslamicSH_/status/2105895402126115274
