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Mutual funds still allocate only ~15% to equities
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Institutions dominate price discovery
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Retail flows chase momentum, not fundamentals
Markets don’t mature without broad ownership.
The Irony: Pakistan Already Solved Half the Problem
Pakistan successfully:
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Digitized banking
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Scaled mobile wallets
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Normalized IBFT and Raast
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Enabled crypto onramps (informally)
Yet capital markets remained stuck in a 1990s compliance mindset.
This is not a technology problem.
It is a regulatory imagination problem.
What Reforms Would Actually Move the Needle
Forget slogans. These are the real levers:
1. Single Investor Identity
One digital investor ID usable across all brokers.
2. Bank-First KYC
If a bank verifies you, brokers should accept it.
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