Introduction: The Question Everyone Is Asking (Wrongly)
“KSE-100 is at 9–10x earnings. Isn’t that cheap?”
This question is being asked daily — and it’s the wrong starting point.
Valuation is not a number.
It’s a relationship between price, earnings, risk, and capital conditions.
To answer whether Pakistan Stock Market is cheap or simply constrained, we must step away from emotions and look at history, structure, and context — not just today’s multiple.
1️⃣ Where KSE-100 Stands Today (Fact Check)
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Current forward P/E: ~9–10x
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Below long-term developed market averages
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In line with historical PSX mid-cycle valuations
But that alone explains nothing.
So let’s look at how often PSX actually lived at these levels.
2️⃣ Historical Context: Days Spent in Each P/E Band (Since 2005)
From the data shared (Bloomberg / Chase Research):
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