Karachi Is Not “Ungovernable.” It Is Overloaded.
The satellite footprint of Karachi tells the story. Density without devolved authority produces three predictable outcomes: illegal construction, compromised inspections, and emergency response failures. Islamabad cannot inspect buildings in Lyari or Korangi better than empowered local institutions can. Federalization would add layers, slow decisions, and politicize enforcement further.
What works—globally and locally—is boring and effective: zoning authority at city level, independent building control, digitized approvals, criminal liability for violations, and ring-fenced municipal finance. None of these require a takeover. All require devolution.
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